EVALUTION OF POSTERIOR SEGMENT OF EYE ON B

Purpose: This study is done to evaluate the role of B-Scan in patients with corneal opacity, bullous keratopathy and anterior staphyloma. For knowing status of posterior segment in cases of traumatic hypheama, in case of dislocation of lens, in cases of occlusiopu cataract and leukocoria via B Scan. For assessing cases of vitreous haemorrhagefor diagnosing retinal detachment and intra ocular tumour. intraocular foreign bodies. Materials and Method: This is prospective study of 50 patients with posterior segment abnormalities on Bknown by focusing an echo on screen and then gradually decreasing sensitivity control till that echo disappear.Mobiliy of ultrasound abnormality is tested by as move eyes while the probe is held stationary. Results: Cases with Corneal Opacity showed RD, VH, Dislocated IOL, Endophthalmitis and CD.Cases of Anterior Staphyloma showed VH with RD and RD. Cases of Traumativ Hyphema showed VH, VH with PVD with Aphakia and FB in vitreous cavity. Cases of Occlusio Pupillae showed VH and Endophthalmitis. Conclusion: As utilized in ophthalmology, and surpasses the capabilities of other diagnostic technique in the eva abnormalities, particularly those produced by ocular and orbital tumours,vitreous hemorrhage, trauma and foreign bodies.


INTRODUCTION
The medical use of ultrasound, in only a score of years, has reached the point where it is now universally regarded as an essential means of soft tissue examination in the eye. Within the last decade B Scan screening of the opaque ocular media, particularly in the eye with cataract and vitreous hemorrhage has constituted the two most common indication for ocular ultrasound examination. Furthermore the echo graphic examination of intraocular lesions even if they are clearly visible on fundoscopy has become an essential component in the differentiation of many ocular disease such as intraocular tumors, leukocorias, macular lesion, optic disc abnormalities and choroidal folds. As utilized in ophthalmology, both complement and surpasses the capabilities of other diagnostic technique in the evaluation of abnormalities, particularly those produced by ocular and orbital tumours,vitreous hemorrhage, trauma and foreign bodies. Ultrasound by providing this increased diagnostic potential, has modified the treatment of many ophthalmic problem.
The medical use of ultrasound, in only a score of years, has reached the point where it is now universally regarded as an essential means of soft tissue examination in the eye. Within the last decade B Scan screening of the opaque ocular media, particularly in the eye with cataract and vitreous hemorrhage has constituted the two most common indication for ocular amination. Furthermore the echo graphic examination of intraocular lesions even if they are clearly visible on fundoscopy has become an essential component in the differentiation of many ocular disease such as intraocular n, optic disc abnormalities As utilized in ophthalmology, ultrasound both complement and surpasses the capabilities of other diagnostic technique in the evaluation of abnormalities, particularly those produced by ocular and orbital ours,vitreous hemorrhage, trauma and foreign bodies. Ultrasound by providing this increased diagnostic potential, has modified the treatment of many ophthalmic problem. This is prospective study of 50 cases of patients with posterior The criteria of selection of patients were 1) Cases of Opaque media like corneal opacities, and occlusio pupillae2) Cases and retinal detachment, vitreoushemorrhage and tumours 3) Blunt/Penetrating trauma to eye 4) foreign body.
All the cases were studied on Sonoline 2 machine with 7.5 MHz probe or with 10 MHz probe.1% methylcellulose is applied to the surface of the probe and gentle contact is made against the closed lids. The three basic probe orientations which were used are Axial, Transverse and Longit Routine examination include an axial length view of globe demonstrating posterior portion of lens and optic nerve. Rest of the examination is performed from a position behind the iris-lens diaphragm, thus avoiding the artifacts induced by lens.
Ultrasonic tissue density is known by focusing an echo on screen and then gradually decreasing sensitivity control till that echo disappear.Mobiliy of ultrasound abnormality is tested by asking the patient to move eyes while the probe is held stationary. Scan in patients with corneal opacity, bullous keratopathy and anterior staphyloma. For knowing status of posterior segment in cases of traumatic hypheama, in case of dislocation of lens, in cases of occlusiopupillae, cataract and leukocoria via B Scan. For assessing cases of vitreous haemorrhagefor diagnosing retinal detachment and intra ocular tumour. For accurate localization of This is prospective study of 50 cases of -Scan. Ultrasonic tissue density is known by focusing an echo on screen and then gradually decreasing sensitivity control till that echo disappear.Mobiliy of ultrasound abnormality is tested by asking the patient to Cases with Corneal Opacity showed RD, VH, Dislocated IOL, Endophthalmitis and CD.Cases of Anterior Staphyloma showed VH with RD and RD. Cases of Traumativ Hyphema showed VH, VH with PVD, VH with PVD with Aphakia and FB in vitreous cavity. Cases of Occlusio Pupillae showed VH and As utilized in ophthalmology, ultrasound both complement and surpasses the capabilities of other diagnostic technique in the evaluation of abnormalities, particularly those produced by ocular and orbital tumours,vitreous The criteria of selection of patients were 1) Cases of Opaque hyphaema, hypopyon, cataract and occlusio pupillae2) Cases of Clear media like choroidal chment, vitreoushemorrhage and suspected Blunt/Penetrating trauma to eye 4) Intraocular on Sonoline 2 machine with 7.5 MHz probe or with 10 MHz probe.1% methylcellulose is applied to the surface of the probe and gentle contact is made against the closed lids. The three basic probe orientations which were used are Axial, Transverse and Longitudinal. Routine examination include an axial length view of globe demonstrating posterior portion of lens and optic nerve. Rest of the examination is performed from a position behind the lens diaphragm, thus avoiding the artifacts induced by trasonic tissue density is known by focusing an echo on screen and then gradually decreasing sensitivity control till that echo disappear.Mobiliy of ultrasound abnormality is tested by asking the patient to move eyes while the probe is

Research Article
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RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
As seen from above, there is no particular age group more likely to present for USG of eye

Clinical Presentation
In this series of study the most common form of presentation was dimness of vision. Next to this patients were presenting with the complain of trauma.
As we see maximum number of patients were in group of vitreo-retinal lesion.

DISCUSSION
In this study patients with VH, occlusio pupillae, RD, anteriorstaphyloma, cornealopacity, traumatic hyphaema, cataract, CD, leukocoria and mass which were diagnosed on gross examination were subjected to B-Scanning. The aim of sonography was to rule out the possibility of associated poor segment abnormality. Ruling out posterior segment abnormality is a must prior tosurgical intervention for anterior segment pathology as removing the anterior segment pathology alone would not give vision to the patient.
All the patients with anterior staphyloma studied had Post. Segment abnormality in form of RD and VH. So, staphylectomy with keratoplasty was indicated in these patients only for cosmetic purpose.
In patients with corneal opacity with RD conservative line of management was done whereas in those with corneal opacity and subluxated lens and IOL, lens removal with keratoplasty at a later date or in same sitting was indicated. In patients with corneal opacity and VH, conservative line of management was adopted.
Patents with cataract and fresh RD were indicated for cataract extraction followed by RD surgery whereas those with long standing RD were contraindicated for surgery. Patents with hyphaema and VH were treated conservativelywhereas those with hyphaema and IOFB were subjected to surgery. Simple cases with just VH were treated on servatively whereas those having RD/IOFB were subjected for surgery. Sonography Ultrasonography in the pathologies of vitreous and retina scores over all other modalities.it has a unique role in patients with trauma. It helps to know status of vitreous and retina and helps in accurate localization of IOFB. Ultrasonography is superior to X-rays in detecting IOFB in a way that X-rays detect radiopaque FB whereas USG detects any FB. Ultrasonography is very helpful in differentiation of intraocular tumour.

Age Distribution of Cases
The unique dynamic quality of ultrasound imaging allows the depiction of vascular and pulsatile lesions and the effect of ocular movements on normal and abnormal orbital structures.