ANTICARCINOGENIC ACTIVITY OF SOLANUM TRILOBACTUM ON ORAL CELL LINES

Aim and Objective: To asses the anti-carcinogenic activity cell lines. Background: Solanum trilobactum is one of the common has been used in traditional medicine for many centuries. nutrients required for the body. The plant possess antibacterial and anticancer activity. The main objective anticarcinogenic activity of solanum trilobactum on oral Method: Assessment of anti-carcinogenic activity of solanum lines was done by MTT calorimetric assay. The MTT assessing cell metabolic activity. Result: The percentage of cell inhibition on the oral concentration of the solanum trilobactum was 400microgram growth the oral cavity. It suffers pain, processes. and may of the body. It interplay of to represent per million in estimated million deaths around the cause of four deaths is the treatment of are beyond the Squamous the inner lip, Cancers of use, especially alcohol use. are more head and neck A large number of chemopreventive cure various cancers, but prevent their extensive usage. anticancer drugs are in active of the drugs under clinical need to develop much effective Anticarcinogens are different from known as anticancer or anti anticarcinoma agents are used cancer cells after cancer anticarcinogens is motivated primarily is preferable to prevent disease have to treat it (rescue medicine). According to Encyclopaedia plant is said to possess, anti-carcinogenic fungal, anti-mitotic (that stops and anti-tumour activities. Plants have a long history cancer hartwell in his review cancer, lists more than 3000 reportedly been used in the instances, however, the cancer is made to condition such callues, corns, warts, polys, these symptoms would generally visible condition, and may indeed to a conditions. The search plant source started in earnest discovery and development vinblastin and vincristine, 6505, Impact Factor: SJIF: 5.995


A B S T R A C T Aim and Objective:
To asses the anti-carcinogenic activity cell lines. Background: Solanum trilobactum is one of the common has been used in traditional medicine for many centuries. nutrients required for the body. The plant possess antibacterial and anticancer activity. The main objective anticarcinogenic activity of solanum trilobactum on oral Method: Assessment of anti-carcinogenic activity of solanum lines was done by MTT calorimetric assay. The MTT assessing cell metabolic activity. Result: The percentage of cell inhibition on the oral concentration of the solanum trilobactum was 400microgram abnormal growth the oral cavity. It patient suffers pain, physiological processes.
incurable and may part of the body. It understood interplay of continues to represent 1500 per million (6) burden in estimated 6.7 million deaths cancer around the leading cause of in four deaths is in the treatment of edies are beyond the factor. ( According to Encyclopaedia plant is said to possess, anti-carcinogenic fungal, anti-mitotic (that stops and anti-tumour activities.
Plants have a long history cancer hartwell in his review cancer, lists more than 3000 reportedly been used in the instances, however, the cancer is made to condition such callues, corns, warts, polys, these symptoms would generally visible condition, and may indeed to a conditions. The search plant source started in earnest discovery and development vinblastin and vincristine,

ANTICARCINOGENIC ACTIVITY OF SOLANUM TRILOBACTUM ON ORAL CELL LINES
activity of solanum trilobactum on oral common Indian medicinal plants and it centuries. It consist of all the important a broad spectrum of antibiotic, objective is to study the effect of oral cell lines.
solanum trilobactum towards oral cell MTT assay is a colorimetric assay for Cell line was about 75 while the 400microgram /ml. chemopreventive agents are used to they cause side effects that usage. Although more than 1500 active development with over 500 clinical trials. There is an urgent effective and less toxic drugs.
from anticarcinoma agents (also anti-neoplastic agents) in that used to selectively destroy or inhibit has developed. Interest in primarily by the principle that it disease (preventive medicine) than to medicine). (4) of world medicinal plants, a carcinogenic, anti-bacterial, antistops cell growth by cell division) of use in the treatment of review of plants used against 3000 plants species that have treatment of cancer. In many cancer "is undefined, or reference as "hard swelling" abscesses, polys, or tumors to have a few, generally apply to skin tangible or indeed sometimes corresponds search for anticancer agents from earnest in the 1950s with the development of the vinca, alkaloids, and the isolation cytotoxic

Research Article
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
podophyllotoxin. (7) Although many anticancer compounds such as alkaliating compounds anti metobiltes, redimimetics, hormones and antagonist have been developed. None of them give satisfaction and no side effects. The world health organization estimates that approximately 80% of the world`s inhabitants regular on traditional medicine of their primary health care.
Herbal medicines have a vital role in the prevention and treatment of cancer and medicinal herbs are commonly available and comparatively economical. Chattisgarh has been declared as the Herbal State of India.
Herbal treatment proves its efficacy in medicinal field without any side effects as synthetic medicines have; hence it's preferred to be more beneficial. (11,3) Plant extracts has the ability of activating the apoptotic pathway of cancer cells and doesn't have any ethical issues when it is used as drug formulations as it is purely herbal.
The use of traditional medicine and medicinal plants in most developing countries, as a normative basis for the maintenance of good health has been widely observed (UNESCO, 1996). Furthermore, an increasing reliance on the use of medicinal plants in the industrialized societies has been traced to the extraction and development of several drugs, chemotherapeutics from these plants as well as from traditionally used rural herbal remedies. (5) The results of investigation performed in the 19 and 20th century and the advent streptomycin and other antibiotics provide the ground for experimentation of a vast of plants for antibiotic or antimicrobial activities that are useful to man. The genus Solanum was established by Carl Linnaeus in 1753. Solanum trilobatum (Solanacea) is a thorny shrub widely distributed in Bengal, Utterpradesh, Southern India and Srilanka in moist place. This plant is well known in Ayurvenda and Siddha system as "Alarka" and Tuduvelai; respectively. The sidda system of medicine uses a ghee prepared from this plant for treatment of tuberculosis . Solanum trilobatum, a thorny creeper with bluish violet flower, more commonly available in southern India. Solanum trilobatum (Solanaceae-herbs) is an amount of calcium, iron, phosphors, carbohydrates, fat, crude fiber and minerals in the leaves. (7) The leaves of Solanum trilobatum revealed the presence of Sugars, Protein, Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Saponins, Tannins, Cardiac glycosides, Terpenoids and Lipids. The root bark is laxative, useful in the treatment of ulcers on the neck, burking of thwart, inflammation of liver and chronic fever. Berries are bitter and pungent useful in the heart disease, piles and dysentery. Roots, berries and flowers are used for cough. The solanum trilobatum commonly used in traditional medicine because of its derivate having antipyretic effects, and has a long history of use in the treatment of inflammation, edema, martitis, cirrholis, of liver in oriental medicine. The whole plant of Solanum trilobatum contains many steroidal glycosides, steroidal alkaloids, polyphenols, flavanoids, fatty acids and essential oils. (4) This herbal plant is used as medicine for asthma, vomiting of blood, reducing blood glucose level and bilious matter phlegmatic rheumatism and several kinds of leprosy it is also anti-carcinogenic,antibacterial, antifungal, antimitotic, and antioxidant activity. (6) Phytochemical analysis of Solanum trilobatum extract was conducted. By this analysis, the presence of several phytochemical like sugar, protein, alkaloids. The present study reveals the determination of anticancer activity of Solanum trilobatum in oral cell lines . (9)

MATERIALS AND METHOD
The leaves of Solanum trilobatum (Solanaceae) were collected during the month of December 2016 from Chennai.

MTT ASSAY
The MTT assay is a colorimetric assay for assessing cell metabolic activity. NAD(P)H-dependent cellular oxidoreductase enzymes may, under defined conditions, reflect the number of viable cells present. These enzymes are capable of reducing the tetrazolium dye MTT 3-(4,5dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide to its insoluble formazan, which has a purple color. With WST-1, which is cell-impermeable, reduction occurs outside the cell via plasma membrane electron transport. Tetrazolium dye assays can also be used to measure cytotoxicity (loss of viable cells) or cytostatic activity (shift from proliferation to quiescence) of potential medicinal agents and toxic materials. MTT assays are usually done in the dark since the MTT reagent is sensitive to light.

Experimental procedure
Cancer cells HT-29 were trypsinized. Then 5ml of growth medium was added to trypsinized cells and cell suspension was mixed well. Then 2ml of cell suspension was added to the sterilized test tubes containing cover slip. The test tubes were placed in a slanting position and kept in CO2 incubator for two days. The monolayer of cells formed in the cover slip was observed under light microscope and photographed.
Phytochemical tests The various photochemical tests were performed to know the active components present in the Solanum trilobatum such as alkaloids, flavonoids, sugars, glycosides, spannins, tannins, proteins, aminoacids, terpenoids.

Assessment of anti-carcinogenic activity of solanum trilobactum towards oral cell lines by MTT calorimetric assay
Sensitivity of KB [Oral squamous cell carcinoma] cells to solanum trilobactum was determined individually by the MTT colorimetric assay. Cells were seeded in a flat-bottomed 96well plate and incubated for 24 h at 37°C and in 5% CO2. Cell lines were exposed to the plant extract at different concentrations. The solvent DMSO treated cells served as control. Cells were then treated with MTT reagent (20 µl/well) for 4 h at 37°C and then DMSO (200 µl) was added to each well to dissolve the formazan crystals. The optical density (OD) was recorded at 492 nm in a microplate reader. Percentage of residual cell viability was determined as [1− (OD of treated cells/OD of control cells)]×100.

Statistical analysis
Statistical analysis of the data was performed with Student's t-test. Differences with P-values were considered to be statistically significant (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.0001 versus control)

RESULT
The percentage of cell inhibition on the oral Cell line was about 75 while the concentration of the solanum trilobatum was 400microgram /ml.

DISCUSSION
The genus Solanum (Solanaceae) is a rich source of steroidal glycoalkaloids. The plant of this genus mainly contain sterol alkaloids like solamargine, solasonine and solanine and steroidal sapogenins, diosgenin and diosgenone, solanine, isolated from Solanum species, has been reported to induce apoptosis in cell, by inhibiting the expression of protein.
Another steroidal alkaloid, solamargine has also been report to exhibit the anti-tumor effects. It was previously reported that solamargine and solasodine are cytotoxic to cell.since both Solamargine and solanine reduced the viability of cells, where as p2-solamargine was inactive. (6,7) Saponins are an important class of secondary metabolites which have been long recognized to show cytotoxic activity in various cancers cell lines. Apoptosis in an attractive endpoint of cancer therapy. (6) The anticarcinogenic activity and tumor growth inhibitory effect of Sobatum from Solanum trilobatum formed the basis for the assessment on the role of Solanum trilobatum on DEN induced hepatocarcinogenesis. The decrease in TSP observed in ccl4 treated rats may be associated with the decrease in the number of hepatocytes which in turn may result into the decrease hepatic capacity to synthesise protein, but the restoration of the level of TSP after the administration of STE conformed the hepatoprotective nature of Solanum trilobatum. The ethyl acetate extract only contains flavonoids and tannin. It was estimate that the presence of quinine compound in n-Butanol extract in inhibiting cancer cell growth compared by ethyl acetate extract. The anticancer activity of this plants is due to the presence of antioxidants i.e., polysachharides, polyphenols, flavonoids, lignins, xanthones. There is a broad scope to derive the anticancer agent from medical plants, which needs thorough research. (13) The herbs were helpful against cancer, those outcome require for the conformation with rigorously control the trial particularly herbs are very much useful improving survival and quality of life in patient suffering from advanced cancer (2).

CONCLUSION
The percentage of cell inhibition on the oral Cell line was about 75 while the concentration of the solanum trilobatum was 400microgram /ml. Therefore the values considered above were significant under statistical analysis.